Ophthalmology and Vision Science

Dry Eye Disease: Causes and Management

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and often debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort and potential damage to the ocular surface. Common causes include prolonged screen time, environmental factors like wind and smoke, certain medications, and underlying health conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe discomfort, impacting daily activities. Management strategies for dry eye disease are multifaceted. Artificial tears are often the first line of treatment, providing lubrication to relieve symptoms. For more severe cases, prescription medications like cyclosporine. A can help increase tear production. Lifestyle modifications, such as using humidifiers, wearing sunglasses outdoors, and practicing the 20-20-20 rule during screen time, can also alleviate symptoms. Additionally, procedures like punctual plugs can help retain tears on the eye's surface. Regular follow-ups with an eye care professional are essential for monitoring the condition and adjusting treatment plans as needed, ensuring that patients can maintain comfort and protect their vision.