Ophthalmology and Vision Science

Binocular Vision

Binocular vision is defined and the motor system and sensory system underlying binocular vision are summarised. A simple model of binocular vision is presented and terminology defined. The prevalence of binocular vision anomalies is reviewed, noting that primary eye care practitioners can expect to find binocular vision anomalies in at least one in five patients. The classification of binocular vision anomalies is described, noting that heterophoria can be classified according to the direction of deviation, fixation distance, and compensation. Strabismus can be classified according to constancy, direction of deviation, eye preference, and accommodative state.